Need to Combine Interval and Probabilistic Uncertainty: What Needs to Be Computed, What Can Be Computed, What Can Be Feasibly Computed, and How Physics Can Help

In many practical situations, the quantity of interest is difficult to measure directly. such estimate this quantity, we easier-to-measure quantities which are related desired one by a known relation, and use results these measurement quantity. How accurate estimate? Traditional engineering approach assumes that know probability distributions errors; however, in practice, often only have partial information about distributions. some cases, upper bounds on thing actual value each measured it somewhere corresponding interval. Interval computation estimates range possible values under interval uncertainty. other addition intervals, also probabilities. paper, describe how solve problem linearized case, what computable feasibly general and, somewhat surprisingly, physics ideas – initial conditions not abnormal, every theory approximate can help with computations.